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Suspectedly not the words of the sage: Zhu Xi’s comments on “Filial Piety”
Author: Tang Qinfu (Xiangnan Yuelu Book Academy; Shanghai Teachers and Big School Ancient Books Institute)
Source: “History of Chinese Philosophy” 2024 Issue 6
Abstract: Zhu Xi valued “Filial Piety” because Su contains meaning in “Filial Piety”. He believed that the content of “Filial Piety” from Confucius’ answers to Zengzi is “生”, and other contents of “information of essays” belong to “生”. He was critical of the words of non-sages in the “scholars” and especially those who betrayed the words of sages. Zhu Xi denied that his father was compatible with heaven from the perspective of logic and reason was what Confucius said. The stern father and Tianshi carried out the transformation of the southern suburbs in the fifth year of Yuanshi of Emperor Hanping, which is correct because Zhu Xi’s denial should be correct. However, Zhu Xi did not object to the later generations of the strict father’s charity in the suburbs, and also valued the tribute of ancestors. Zhu Xi’s view of benevolence and filial piety, from the perspective of the theory of heaven, described the relationship between benevolence and filial piety and established a “filial piety-giving” structure that can explain all human relations.
Keywords: Zhu Xi; “Filial Piety”; Serious father is worthy of heaven; Benevolent and filial piety
Zhu Xi, a famous wise scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, has many discussions on filial piety, and the academic community has many research results on this, especially Zhu Xi’s “Filial Piety Issue” (1). So, what kind of explanation did Zhu Xi have about “Filial Piety”? He once said: “Filial Piety” is suspected to be not the words of the sage” (2), and it is obvious that he has made a judgment. But how did Zhu Xi comment on “Filial Piety”? How to analyze the relevant views of “Filial Piety” in terms of specific problems? This article will explain the analysis of Zhu Xi’s overall understanding of “Filial Piety” to the analysis of specific problems. Please teach me about the plug and leak.
1. Zhu Xi’s overall understanding of “Filial Piety”
There is a view in the academic world that he believes that Zhu Xi does not value “Filial Piety” because there are many non-sage words in “Filial Piety” and many places and even recounts the words of “Filial Piety”. Therefore, Zhu Xi did not make annotations and comments on “Filial Piety” (3). Of course, there is no major problem with this, because Zhu Xi did not leave behind a book like the Four Books of the Annotation. Yes, he laughed. Moreover, the “Zhu Zi’s Words” clearly remembered this article:
asked: “The book “Filial Piety” has not been written for a long time, so why did the teacher and the teacher not do it for reason?” He said: “It’s hard to say this. This book is just that the latter paragraph was written by Zeng Zi at that time, and the latter part was followed by It was created by later generations. ” (Volume 82 of Zhu Zi’s Words, Page 2141)
However, it is important to note that Zhu Xibi actually wrote the “Filial Piety Error”, despite having many doubts and criticisms about “Filial Piety”, but he did not deny the influence of filial piety. To go further, from Zhu Xi’s “Filial Piety Issue” it is important to correct the misunderstanding of the content of “Filial Piety”, and especially to remind the department that “becomes a master of future generations” that even if he did not have the full text annotation.”Filial Piety” obviously does not mean that he does not value “Filial Piety”, nor does he have not discussed and thought about it.
As we all know, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang wrote his own commentary on “Filial Piety” and showed it to the whole country and as a textbook for Taixue and National Schools. He even engraved it on “Handle” in the fourth year of Tianbao. His influence was extremely large, and Zhu Xi would not be familiar with it. In fact, when Zhu Xi was working in the Nankang Army, he wrote many essays to show people about their popularity, and also used the book “Filial Piety” to describe the occurrence of essays. For example, the essay “Showing the Common People” used the essays in “Filial Piety” to refer to the words “using the way of heaven, using the benefits of the earth, and pursuing the body to nourish the parents, this is the filial piety of common people.” This is the filial piety of common people. According to this interpretation, you should think too early and follow it carefully. You should not write a Buddha’s essay more than you should do, which is useless to do it.” (4). He has also published “Friends of Brothers Fighting for Property”, “Friends of Living and Being Conscientious and Following the Law”, “Reminds of Gu Ling and Teachers to Learn the Conscience”, “Friends of Agricultural Literature”, etc., all based on “Teachers to Learn the Conscience of Brothers, Being loyal and trustworthy, and Being kind and honest”, so that “to be ruthless and resign to good deeds, to take right and give up wrong, and to cherish your body and be self-contained.” , guarding the old family and entrepreneurship” (Volume 100 “Agricultural Writings”, pages 5107-5108), “To cultivate filial piety, brothers, loyalty and trustworthiness, to serve fathers and brothers, to suffer the consequences of the family, to be harmonious with the countryside” (Volume 99 of “Jiu Xi” (Volume 5059 of “Friends of Brothers Fighting in Financial Affairs”, page 5059). It can be seen that Zhu Xi is indeed more concerned about “Filial Piety”.
So what was Zhu Xi interested in the content in “Filial Piety”? In one sentence, he was interested in content containing reason, and used it to teach students and others. In Zhu Xi’s collection of essays and “Zhu Zi’s Scriptures”, Zhu Xi answered many questions from students. He always determined the attitude of the words of the saints or those that were suitable for the saints in “Filial Piety”. If you ask, “If ‘the nature of the six-member nature is precious’, ‘the human behavior is not filial,’ I am afraid that the sage will not be able to say this.” Zhu Xi replied clearly and said, “These two sentences are good” (Volume 82 of Zhu Xi’s Words, page 2141). It is also confirmed that those who are not the words of the sage but are suitable for the intention of the sage. For example, in the chapter “Filial Piety·Filial Piety”, he said: “Even if his words are good, they are not the true meaning of the essay. The essay is harmonious with filial piety, which is filial piety. The quote “Filial Piety” is nothing, and the following text has been further refined, without 官网 is separated from it. Therefore, it is still the same as before.” (“Zhu Xi Collection” Volume 66 “Filial Piety” Issue, Pages 3461-3462) These two articles are precisely determined by the words of the saints or the content that suits the saints. This explains why “Filial Piety” is not written by the saint, Zhu Xi still wrote “Filial Piety Issue” himself and had such interest in answering students’ questions.
Then Zhu Xi was talking about “Passenger”. Filial pieWhat is the explanation? He said: “If you doubt the article of “Filial Piety” is the same as this. The following may be a bit complicated to introduce the article to a text, which is the presentation of “Filial Piety” (“Zhu Xi Collection” Volume 66 “Filial Piety” Published in Volume 3459), which means that the content of “Filial Piety” was conveyed from Confucius and Zengzi’s answers was “Filial Piety”, and later The content of “Miscellaneous Introduction to Translation” is attached to “Transferred” and is referred to as “Transfer”. Therefore, Zhu Xi said: “When I examined it, there are many literary works, and the literature is difficult to avoid being added without analysis. Since Han Dynasty, it is not wrong to me. Chapter 1 may think that Confucius wrote about himself, but it is also funny.” (“Zhu Xi Collection” Volume 66 “Filial Piety” Published by Filial Piety”, page 3459) Obviously, Zhu Xi believed that “Filial Piety” was naturally a pre-Qin work, but it was passed down in a mess, and “The literature is difficult to avoid being added without analysis” Baoqing, this is Zhu Xi’s overall explanation of “Filial Piety”.
Specifically, there is also the following record in “The Song of Zhu Zi”:
“Filial Piety” is suspected to be not the words of the sage. And for example, “The previous kings had the greatest virtue and the most important way”, this is a good thing. However, the above has never said that it is necessary to be TC:
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